NOCICEPTIVE BIOLOGY OF MOLLUSCS AND ARTHROPODS: EVOLUTIONARY CLUES ABOUT FUNCTIONS AND MECHANISMS POTENTIALLY RELATED TO PAIN

Nociceptive Biology of Molluscs and Arthropods: Evolutionary Clues About Functions and Mechanisms Potentially Related to Pain

Important insights into the selection pressures and core molecular modules contributing to the evolution of pain-related processes have come from studies of nociceptive systems in several molluscan and arthropod species.These phyla, and the chordates that include humans, last shared a common ancestor approximately 550 million years ago.Since then,

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Cyber Sanctions as a Tool of Competition in Global Cyberspace

This paper delves into the issue of cyber sanctions as a novel tool in the context of the transforming global order and the fierce competition amongst Outbound great powers, which is gradually extending into cyberspace due to the growing role of information and communication technologies.The contours of geopolitical rivalry are refl ected in cybers

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